Vacuum Excavation

Vacuum excavation is the umbrella term for all excavation methods that rely on a powerful vacuum system to remove loosened soil from the excavation. The soil is first loosened by either pressurized water (hydro excavation) or compressed air (air excavation), and the vacuum then transports the material through a hose or tube into a collection tank on the truck.

The vacuum system is the heart of any vacuum excavation truck. It must generate sufficient airflow (measured in CFM) and suction (measured in inches of mercury) to lift wet or dry soil through the dig tube, along the boom or hose, and into the debris tank. The two main types of vacuum producers are positive displacement blowers and centrifugal fans, each with distinct performance characteristics.

Vacuum excavation has become the standard of care for excavation near underground utilities across North America. Its adoption has been driven by regulatory requirements, utility owner specifications, and the insurance industry's recognition that vacuum excavation dramatically reduces utility strike claims. The global vacuum excavation equipment market continues to grow as more jurisdictions mandate non-destructive excavation methods.